The experience of the League greatly helped in the formation of the United Nations and laying down its Charter.
→ The League’s traditions, practices and machinery were heavily relied on drafting the UN Charter, which was refined according to the needs and demands of the international community.
The weaknesses of the Covenant were tried to be plugged through the Charter provisions were in many ways patterned on the Covenant.
Learning Outcomes
United Nations (UN) is an important international origination.
→ United Nation set up with 51 countries as member nations in 1945. Now, 193 is its current membership. Most of the nations are members of the United Nation.
- United Nations activities reflect the needs and hopes of not only the governments but also the people of the world at large.
→ The United Nations is a world organization and its activities are extensive. Today, there is not a single aspect or activity of our lives that has not been touched or connected to the ever-increasing scope of UN activities.
→Main Objective of the United Nation
Identify its objectives and basic principles;
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The United Nations describe the composition and functions of the principal organs of the UN;
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Recall its contributions in the fight against evil practices like apartheid, colonialism and the promotion of human rights.
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Emphasizing the need to restructure the Security Council to make it more representative; Explain that the United Nations is the only hope for a peaceful and better world.
Origins of the United Nations
→ Before 1950 there is held two world wars that caused death to 80 million people.
→Each of those wars strengthened the determination of world leaders and people to establish institutions for a peaceful world.
• Even before the complete defeat of the enemy countries like Germany, Japan, and Italy in the Second World War, the allied powers led by the USA, the former Soviet Union and the United Kingdom started planning an organization in place of the League of Nations.
→ The US president Roosevelt and the British Prime Minister Winston Churchill signed the Atlantic Charter in August 1941 indicating their desire for a post-war peace institution.
There are too many conferences held in Tehran, Moscow, Dumbarton Oaks and Yalta to discuss various proposals and ideas.
→Then Finally, The United States convened the San Francisco Conference in early 1945 to finalize and sign the charter of the new organization that is ‘United Nations’.
→On 24th October 1945, the United Nation was established, so that we celebrate United Nations Day on 24th October.
→The Constitution of the UN is a Charter. The Charter of the united nation mainly listed this thing.
| The principal organs of the United Nation along with their composition and powers ↓ The purposes of the organization ↓ The principles that guide the conduct of both the United Nations and its member countries, |
Purposes and Principles
The Charter indicates mainly this four objective of the United Nation.
Maintain international peace and security through collective action to suppress aggression and through peaceful settlement of disputes
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For Achievements above objectives, both the United Nations and its member countries need to adhere to a set of important guiding principles.
Among them is the principle of equality between the leading countries whether it is small or big, strong or weak.
The UN will not interfere in the domestic affairs or disputes of member countries.
The member states of the United Nations are expected to resolve their disputes with other states in a peaceful manner without endangering international peace and security.
- In addition, member states should refrain from using threats or force against another member state. It is the duty of the members to assist the United Nations in the implementation of peace. As we have already noted, maintaining international peace and security is a very important objective of the United Nation.
→ Other purposes complement the purpose of peace. When discussing the role of the UN, we should keep in mind one fundamental aspect of the world body: it is a political body that serves its member governments in the context of global politics. Neither the preferences of governments nor the trends in international politics are stable; They change from time to time. Therefore, in the use of its powers, the United Nation cannot be rigid, mechanical or uniform.
- Hence, the Role of the UN is marked by flexibility and pragmatism.
Generally, the UN did not like to take a hard line or condemn the aggressor country whenever it received complaints of breach of peace.
Instead, it directed its efforts to immediately stop fighting and withdraw troops to pre-war locations.
Conclusion
Mainly United Nations establish after the failure of the League of Nations, United Nation established during the second war. So here, Its main aims are to maintain international peace and security between the nation.
→ Hence, On 24th October 1945, United Nation was established. This contains so many things so that it creates a good bond between the nation.